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1.
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg ; 84(4): 360-369, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35144297

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We compare two perioperative pain management procedures(a radioscopicallyguided erector spinae plane [ESP] block versus the standard wound infiltration technique with local anesthetics) in patients undergoing lumbosacral spine surgery. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed, in which adults at our hospital undergoing lumbosacral surgery without fixation were randomly assigned to receive either the standard wound infiltration technique, employing long-term anesthetics, or a radioscopicallyguided ESP block. Postoperative pain severity, morphine consumption, number of patients immobilized due to wound pain, length of hospitalization, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: Over the first 7 postoperative hours, pain relief was superior in the ESP block group among patients who underwent diskectomies or one-level decompression (p< 0.0001). Using an ESP block also was statistically superior at decreasing all postoperative variables recorded in patients scheduled for multilevel decompression: visual analog scale (VAS) pain severity over the first 7 hours after the procedure (p = 0.0004); number of patients with wound pain 1 (p = 0.049), 7 (p< 0.0001), and 24 hours (p = 0.007) after surgery; length of hospitalization (p = 0.0007), number of patients immobilized for wound pain (p = 0.0004) and rescue morphine consumption (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The ESP block is a safe procedure that seems to outperform the infiltration wound technique for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing open spinal surgery. Future studies are needed to verify its effectiveness for arthrodesis/fixation and minimallyinvasive procedures, and for chronic spine pain relief.


Assuntos
Analgesia , Bloqueio Nervoso , Adulto , Humanos , Analgésicos Opioides , Bloqueio Nervoso/efeitos adversos , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Morfina , Analgesia/efeitos adversos , Analgesia/métodos
2.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 33(3): 127-136, sep. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1177339

RESUMO

Objetivo: Comparar dos técnicas perioperatorias, el bloqueo del plano del erector espinal y la infiltración de la herida con analgésicos de vida media larga, para el control del dolor de herida postquirúrgico en pacientes operados de cirugía abierta de columna. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico prospectivo, simple ciego, realizado en el Hospital de Clínicas, desde julio de 2018 hasta marzo de 2019, donde se randomizaron pacientes sometidos a cirugía de columna lumbosacra abierta sin fijación. Se compararon dos técnicas de infiltración perioperatoria para el manejo del dolor de la herida postoperatorio: la infiltración pre y postoperatoria con analgésicos de vida media larga con el bloqueo del plano del erector espinal. Se evaluó el dolor (VAS promedio), el uso de opioides, los días de inmovilización postoperatorios, los días de internación y las complicaciones. Se consideró como estadísticamente significativo una p<0,05. Resultados: 40 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. 20 (50%) fueron sometidos a la técnica de infiltración estándar y 20 (50%) al bloqueo del plano del erector espinal. De los pacientes operados de discectomías y recalibrajes de 1 nivel se mostró que el bloqueo del erector espinal fue superior en el descenso del VAS postoperatorio en las primeras 7 horas (p=0,000). En los recalibrajes de más de 2 niveles, la técnica nueva demostró ser superior en todas las variables analizadas en forma estadísticamente significativa: VAS (p=0,0004) y número de pacientes con dolor de la herida a las 7 horas de la cirugía (p=0,000), horas de internación (p=0,0007), días de inmovilización (p=0,0004) y consumo de opioides (p=0,000). Conclusión: El bloqueo del plano del erector espinal es superior a la técnica de infiltración estandarizada para la disminución del dolor en la herida en pacientes sometidos a cirugía abierta de columna.


Objective: To compare two perioperative techniques, the erector spinae plane block with the infiltration of the wound with long lasting local analgesics, for the management of postoperative wound pain in spinal surgery. Material and methods: Prospective, single-blind clinical trial was performed at the Hospital de Clínicas, from July 2018 to March 2019. Patients undergoing spinal lumbosacral surgery without fixation were enrolled. Two perioperative infiltration techniques were compared for postoperative wound pain management: pre and postoperative infiltration with long lasting analgesics with the interfascial spinae plane erector block. Postoperative results were analyzed in terms of pain relief (VAS), need for opioids, days of immobilization in bed, hours of hospitalization and complications. A p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 40 patients were included. 20 (50%) underwent the standard infiltration technique and 20 (50%) the interfascial spinae plane erector block. The spinae plane erector block was superior in pain wound relief in the first 7 postoperative hours in patients who underwent discectomies or one level decompressions (p=0,000). In all the patients with decompressions of 2 or more levels, the new technique proved to be statistically significant superior in all the postoperative variables analyzed: VAS (p = 0.0004) and number of patients with wound pain after 7 hours of the surgery (p = 0.000), hours of hospitalization (p = 0.0007), days of immobilization in bed (p = 0.0004) and use of opioids (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The interfascial spinae erector plane is a better technique compare with the standardized infiltration of the wound for postoperative wound pain relief in patients undergoing open spinal surgery.


Assuntos
Coluna Vertebral , Dor , Cirurgia Geral , Manejo da Dor
3.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 33(3): 137-146, sep. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1177348

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: Existe evidencia contundente que demuestra la relación entre el balance sagital y la calidad de vida de los pacientes adultos con deformidad espinal, de manera que la corrección y realineación en ese plano se ha transformado en un objetivo primario en el tratamiento quirúrgico de dichas afecciones. Las osteotomías dorsolumbares permiten liberar el raquis para realizar dicha realineación sin el uso de fuerza indebida. Sin embargo, son técnicas complejas y con alta tasa de complicaciones intra y post operatorias. Teniendo en cuenta que el conocimiento anatómico de dichos procedimientos es clave, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en realizar una descripción de las osteotomías dorsolumbares mediante el uso de fotografías en 3D de un preparado cadavérico de raquis lumbar. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un preparado cadavérico formolizado de raquis lumbar. Se realizaron las osteotomías espinales lumbares según la clasificación de Schwab et al., en los segmentos L3 y L4. Se tomaron imágenes fotográficas en 3 dimensiones utilizando equipo Nikon D90, con lente 50 mm Af 1.8G, flash Nikon SB700, y una barra regulable para fotografía 3D. Las imágenes fotográficas obtenidas fueron procesadas con los siguientes softwares con técnica anaglífica: Anaglyph Maker versión 1.08 y StereoPhoto Maker versión 4.54. Resultados: Se realiza una descripción de las osteotomías según la clasificación en 6 grados anatómicos de Schwab y colaboradores. Conclusión: La utilización de la técnica fotográfica 3D permitió demostrar el tipo y magnitud de resección ósea necesaria en cada grado de osteotomía.


Introduction and objective: There is strong evidence that shows the relationship between the sagittal balance and the quality of life of adult patients with spinal deformity. According to that, the correction and realignment of the sagittal plane has become a primary objective in the surgical treatment of these conditions. The dorsolumbar osteotomies allow the spine to be released, in order to perform that realignment without the use of undue force. However, they are complex techniques, with a high rate of intra and post-operative complications. Taking into account that the anatomical knowledge of these procedures is fundamental, the objective of this review was to describe the dorsolumbar osteotomies using 3D photographs of a cadaveric preparation of the lumbar spine. Materials and methods: A cadaveric formolized lumbar spine preparation was used. Lumbar spinal osteotomies were performed according to the classification of Schwab et al. Three-dimensional photographic images were taken using Nikon D90 equipment, with a 50mm AF 1.8G lens, Nikon SB700 flash, and an adjustable bar for 3D photography. The photographic images obtained were processed with the following software with anaglyphic technique: Anaglyph Maker version 1.08 and StereoPhoto Maker version 4.54. Results: A description of the osteotomies was made, according to the 6 anatomic grades classification developed by Schwab et al. Conclusion: The use of the 3D photographic technique allowed to demonstrate the type and magnitude of bone resection needed in each degree of osteotomy.


Assuntos
Osteotomia , Coluna Vertebral , Fotografação , Classificação , Anatomia
4.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 32(2): 71-76, jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1223423

RESUMO

Objetivos: Realizar un análisis morfométrico del atlas por tomografía computada, determinando los valores promedio, medianos, y de variabilidad de dicha vértebra para la correcta colocación de tornillos trans-masas laterales. Introducción: Existe una significativa variabilidad interpersonal en los aspectos morfológicos del atlas, y dada su proximidad a estructuras neurovasculares (arteria vertebral, médula cervical, raíz de C2), hacen mandatario un exhaustivo planeamiento prequirúrgico para la elección de la técnica de artrodesis, tipo de tornillos a utilizar, y su trayectoria. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de diseño de tipo exploratorio, descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, transversal. Se revisaron 99 tomografías computadas de la columna cervical. Se midieron parámetros morfométicos y angulaciones desde un "punto de entrada" en la masa lateral de C1, que fueron llamados A, B, C, D, E, F, G y H. Las mediciones de los parámetros a estudiar fueron realizadas con el programa RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (64-bit) y posteriormente volcadas a una ficha de registro de datos. Discusión: La distribución según género fue de 34 varones y 65 mujeres. Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa no solo en lo referente al género (masculino vs femenino; parámetros A, B, C, D, F, G, H p-valor < 0,05) de los parámetros medidos, sino también según lateralidad (derecha vs izquierda; parámetros C, E, F, G p-valor < 0,05). La investigación propone además la generación de una base de datos con información morfométrica del atlas. Conclusión: Existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las propiedades morfológicas del atlas, tanto en lo relativo al género (masculino vs femenino), como en la lateralidad (derecha vs izquierda). Es por ello que el presente estudio enfatiza en la importancia de la realización prequirúrgica de una tomografía computada de la columna cervical superior para garantizar una efectiva y segura instrumentación a éste nivel, según el largo, ancho y trayectoria de los tornillos a utilizar.


Objectives: To morphometrically analyze the atlas, using computed tomography, thereby defining mean, median and variability values of C1 for the correct placement of lateral mass screws. Introduction: Significant interpersonal variability exists among the various morphological characteristics of the atlas. Given the structure's close relationship to neurovascular structures like the vertebral arteries, cervical spinal cord, and cervical roots, exhaustive pre-surgical planning becomes mandatory. Such planning assists in the choice of arthrodesis technique, and the dimensions and trajectory of screws. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed, for which the computed tomography (CT) scans of 99 cervical spines were reviewed. Morpho-metric parameters and angulations were measured from an "entry point" in the lateral mass at C1; these parameters were alphabetically labeled from A through H. The RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (64-bit) program was used to measure all parameters of interest, the values of which then were entered into a data collection file.Discussion: By gender, there were 34 men and 65 women. A statistically-significant difference was found between the two genders for all parameters except parameter E (all p-values < 0,05), and between the two sides (right vs. left) for parameters C, E, F, and G. Our results argue for the creation of a general database containing morphometric information on the atlas. Conclusion: Statistically-significant differences exist between men and women, and from right to left, among the morphometrical features of the atlas. This underscores the need for careful preoperative surgical planning, including the use of CT scanning to estimate optimum screw lengths and trajectories.


Assuntos
Humanos , Medula Cervical , Artrodese , Artéria Vertebral , Tomografia , Lateralidade Funcional
5.
Surg Neurol Int ; 8(Suppl 2): S18-S24, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29142777

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare the posterolateral Wiltse approach and conventional Midline approach in short lumbosacral fusions in terms of the angle of convergence of pedicle screws. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed computed tomography (CT) images of 76 lumbar and sacral pedicular screws that had been placed using a conventional midline approach (CA) (n = 38) and a Wiltse posterolateral approach (WA) (n = 38). All patients underwent short lumbosacral fusions from L3 to S1 for degenerative spinal disease. Screws with a bone gap >4 mm in any direction, cases with previous pedicular implants, and those with coronal plane curves >20° were excluded. RESULTS: Considering all implants, the angle of convergence was 23.3° (±15.8). The mean angulation in the WA group was 29.3° (±9.7), whereas in the CA group it was 17.2° (±0.6). This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In short, lumbosacral fusion employing the Wiltse approach allowed placement of pedicle implants with more convergence than the conventional midline approach. The clinical relevance of this is unknown, and prospective randomized studies are needed to clarify this.

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